Preserving the past, shaping the future for Lembah Bujang
Associate professor Dr Nasha Rodziadi Khaw on the conservation and the future of the heritage site.
By Sebastian Lim
IN PART 2 of the interview on Lembah Bujang, associate professor Dr. Nasha Rodziadi Khaw shares his thoughts on facing the challenges ahead and also working with international archaeologists on the preservation of the site as well as seeking UNESCO recognition.
What are the main challenges in preserving and studying Lembah Bujang?
Balancing conservation with development is always delicate. Natural erosion, encroaching vegetation, and limited awareness can also threaten the site. But overall, the commitment from both federal and state authorities has been very encouraging.
How has development or urbanisation impacted the site?
There have been past challenges, but recent government efforts have tightened oversight. The collaboration between the Department of National Heritage and local planning units ensures that development proceeds with archaeological considerations in mind.
Are there enough policies or legal protections in place?
Yes. The National Heritage Act 2005 provides a solid legal foundation. Enforcement has improved in recent years, and ongoing initiatives reflect the government’s increasing commitment to heritage preservation.
##CROSSOVER: Click here to read our story, Stupa on the hill at Postscript NAC
Have there been collaborations with international archaeologists or institutions?
Absolutely. We’ve worked with scholars from Thailand and Indonesia. These partnerships bring fresh perspectives, training opportunities, and technical resources that enrich our local capacity.
How can public awareness and education about Lembah Bujang be improved?
Through integration into school curricula, digital storytelling, and expanding museum spaces. The government’s recent efforts to modernise the Lembah Bujang Archaeological Museum are a promising step forward.
Are there plans to develop the site further in an ethical and sustainable way?
Yes. Our ongoing master plan, supported by federal agencies, includes research zoning, eco-tourism trails, and digital outreach. We aim to blend accessibility with conservation ethics.
> ON CONSERVATION STRATEGY
What is the current state of conservation efforts?
They are improving significantly. The Department of National Heritage has enhanced site monitoring, while USM’s Centre for Global Archaeological Research plays an active research role. There’s a coordinated framework in place now.
What are the most pressing threats to the site’s preservation?
Natural weathering and lack of awareness pose greater risks than development today. However, ongoing community engagement programs are effectively addressing these issues.
##CROSSOVER: Click here to read our story, Unearthing the forgotten civilisation of Lembah Bujang at www.newasiacurrents.com
How has modern development influenced the site?
Recent infrastructure projects are better aligned with heritage guidelines. This reflects a commendable shift in government planning.
Is Lembah Bujang adequately protected under Malaysian heritage laws?
Yes, under the National Heritage Act. The government has also initiated gazettement of key zones to ensure stricter protection. Enforcement is becoming more consistent with the help of local authorities.
Are there gaps in legislation or enforcement?
As with any heritage system, there’s room for improvement in terms of coordination and resourcing. However, current policies are evolving positively, and the government has shown commitment to bridging these gaps.
What improvements would you suggest?
Strengthening public-private partnerships, expanding conservation budgets, and empowering local heritage officers with training and resources would enhance overall site management.
> PUBLIC AWARENESS
How aware is the local community of Lembah Bujang’s historical value?
Increasingly aware. Many residents now take pride in their archaeological heritage. Youth programmes, school visits, and outreach activities have helped foster this awareness.
How can communities be more actively involved?
By engaging them in archaeo-tourism, heritage monitoring, and public lectures. Community archaeology, where locals assist excavations, is something we’re also exploring.
Have there been successful community-led conservation efforts?
Yes. In several villages, local leaders have advocated for heritage protection and reported illegal digging. Their involvement is critical and growing.
Does heritage education adequately cover sites like Lembah Bujang?
There’s been major progress. History textbooks include Lembah Bujang, and universities like USM offer specialised courses. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Higher Education have shown real interest and initiative.
How important is interpretation in preserving the site’s narrative?
Crucial. Signage, museums, and digital reconstructions help translate complex findings for the public. We’re working closely with the government to modernise interpretation.
> LOOKING AHEAD
Are current efforts aligned with international best practices?
Increasingly so. Conservation guidelines from ICOMOS and UNESCO have informed our methodologies. We are also developing a site management plan modelled after UNESCO protocols.
What role can international collaborations play?
They bring technical expertise and benchmarking opportunities. Collaborations with UNESCO-affiliated bodies help us refine our conservation strategies.
##CROSSOVER: Click here to read our story, Stupa on the Hill, on Postscript NAC
Are there aspirations for Lembah Bujang to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site?
Yes, we’re laying the groundwork. It’s a long process, and the government's support is key. Further documentation, management plans, and stakeholder alignment are underway.
What is your long-term vision for Lembah Bujang?
To see it fully integrated into Malaysia’s national identity and recognised globally as a centre of early trade diplomacy and cultural syncretism. It should be a living heritage site, protected, studied, and celebrated.
How do you balance research, tourism, and preservation?
Through careful zoning, sustainable tourism practices, and continuous dialogue with all stakeholders. The government’s multi-agency approach facilitates this balance well.
What role should the next generation play?
They must be both guardians and innovators. We need young archaeologists, historians, and heritage professionals to take up the mantle, using new tools, asking new questions, and keeping the spirit of Lembah Bujang alive.
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As associate professor Dr Nasha and his team continue their work, Lembah Bujang may soon take its rightful place as a cornerstone of not just Malaysian, but world heritage. The valley may have been forgotten for centuries, but through science, collaboration, and storytelling, its legacy is being reawakened — one layer of soil at a time.
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